'Neuro' refers to the nervous system. Neurology is a branch of medical science specialising in the study and treatment of the nervous system and it's disorders. This includes the brain, spinal cord, muscles and the nerves. The physicians who specialise in neurology are called Neurologists, who are trained in investigation, diagnosis and treatment for neurological disorders. Neurologists do not operate on their patients, they treat their patients with medication or by physical means. Neurosurgery is the branch of medical science that deals with surgical treatment of problems affecting the brain, spine and nerves. The physicians who specialise in neurosurgery are called Neurosurgeons.